Secondary Antibodies
Categories
- Anti-Rabbit Secondary Antibodies
- Anti-Mouse Secondary Antibodies
- Anti-Rat Secondary Antibodies
- Anti-Human Secondary Antibodies
- Anti-Goat Secondary Antibodies
- Anti-Monkey Secondary Antibodies
- Anti-Guinea Pig Secondary Antibodies
- Anti-Llama Secondary Antibody
- Fab Fragment Antibodies
- Browse all Secondaries
- Unconjugated Antibodies
Search our portfolio of over 7,000 high quality purified secondary antibodies for the detection of primary antibodies in various applications, e.g. flow cytometry, cell imaging, Western blots, or CUT&Tag. We offer conjugated secondaries with a wide range of fluorescent and non fluorescent conjugates such as FITC, HA, HRP, Atto conjugates, DyLight, HiLyte and others. Discover how our PhD customer support can help you in case of any question.
Secondary Antibodies - The Right Product for Every Application
The lists below may help you to search our secondary antibodies. Follow the links to the prefiltered search, where you can apply additional filters. In case we can help you to find the right product, contact our scientific customer support via chat or phone.
Reactivities:
Fluorescent Conjugates:
| Fluophore | Excitation Peak (nm) | Emission Peak (nm) | Emission Color |
| DyLight 405 | 400 | 421 |  |
| Alexa Fluor 405 | 401 | 421 | |
| DyLight 350 | 352 | 435 | |
| Alexa Fluor 350 | 346 | 442 | |
| Alexa Fluor 488 | 493 | 519 | |
| FITC | 492 | 520 | |
| ATTO 488 | 501 | 523 | |
| Cy3 | 550 | 570 | |
| Alexa Fluor 594 | 550 | 570 | |
| Phycoerythrin (PE) | 565 | 578 | |
| ATTO 594 | 591 | 616 | |
| APC | 650 | 661 | |
| Alexa Fluor 647 | 651 | 667 | |
| Cy5 | 650 | 670 | |
| PerCp | 490 | 675 | |
| Cy5.5 | 675 | 694 | |
| Alexa Fluor 700 | 702 | 723 | |
| Cy7 | 778 | 754 | |
| DyLight 800 | 771 | 796 | |
| Alexa Fluor 790 | 784 | 814 |
Conjugates:
Secondary by Application:
Featured Secondary Antibodies
Secondary Antibody Selection Guide
Secondary antibodies are usually designed to work in specific applications. For any given application several similar secondary antibodies may be available. While primary antibodies are raised to detect a certain antigen secondary antibodies are designed to detect a primary antibody.
Selection of Secondary Antibodies
- Determine in which species the primary antibody has been raised
- Determine what subclass the primary antibody belongs to
- Select a suitable marker for the secondary antibody
- Make sure the secondary antibody works under the specific application condition
- antibodies-online.com offers a broad range of various secondaries
- Filter our secondary antibodies by species, conjugate, Ig class
Antibody Markers
Secondary antibodies are usually designed to work in specific applications. For any given application several similar Secondary antibodies may be available. While primary antibodies are raised to detect a certain antigen secondary antibodies are designed to detect a primary antibody.
In order to do so, they are usually labeled with markers, or conjugates in order to detect and visualize the primary antibodies, most often via colorimetric detection or emission of a light signal. Secondary antibodies can be either enzyme labeled (peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase), fluorescence labeled (e.g. FITC, Alexa-Fluor, Qdot) or biotin conjugated. Peroxidase is economical, rapid and a more stable enzyme, while the alkaline phosphatase on the other hand is considered more sensitive than peroxidase particularly when colorimetric detection is used. Fluorescent labeled antibodies are often used for double or multiple staining methods. Generally, any one of a range of markers or labels can be chosen, depending on the application and purpose of the investigation. In case of parallel detection of different antigens in the same sample (like on an IHC sample) one needs to select different monoclonal antibody classes (in order to avoid interference of secondary binding) and different markers in order to distinguish the antigen signals.
Custom Antibody Services
Custom Antibody Services
Benefit from combined expertise of antibodies-online and our Partner Rockland Immunochemicals, Inc. Collaborative, experienced, and conducted completely in our own facilities, our custom antibody production services can drive your project from the design and synthesis of your antigen through to production and characterization of your antibody.
Benefit from combined expertise of antibodies-online and our Partner Rockland Immunochemicals, Inc. Collaborative, experienced, and conducted completely in our own facilities, our custom antibody production services can drive your project from the design and synthesis of your antigen through to production and characterization of your antibody.
Antibody Classes
When choosing a secondary antibody, first of all the suitable secondary antibody for recognition of the correct primary antibody like IgG, IgM, IgE, IgD or IgA needs to be selected. The significant difference between these isoforms are their heavy chains. They are denominated with Greek letters which are the basis for the antibodies' names: gamma, mu, epsilon, delta and alpha. Each antibody has two light chains (in mammals kappa or lambda) which also must be taken in to account for some applications (obviously if the secondary antibody is to bind not the Fc part or other regions of the heavy chains).
For the selection of the correct secondary antibody the specific subtype must be observed in most cases, i.e. if the subclass is IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG2c, IgG3 and so on. However, general anti-IgG secondary antibodies may recognize various subtypes. Additionally, secondary antibodies can bind all parts of an IgG molecule (heavy and light chains, H+L), or only the Fab or Fc region, or only the gamma chain. Still others are specific for IgM heavy chains, or the lambda or kappa light chains common to all immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE, and IgM).
The secondary antibody will usually belong to the classes IgG or IgM.
Antibody Fragments
A secondary antibody can further be defined as an antibody which binds to primary antibodies or antibody fragments. Secondary antibodies may be polyclonal or monoclonal, even though they most often derive from polyclonal sources and are affinity purified against the epitope they have been developed for. Secondary antibodies may hence be specific for whole Ig molecules or fragments of primary antibodies, such as the Fc or Fab regions.
Fc and Fab fragments can be generated with the enzyme papain that can be used to cleave an immunoglobulin monomer into two Fab fragments and an Fc fragment. Proteolytic enzyme pepsin cleaves below the hinge region, forming a F(ab')2- and a pFc' fragment. The F(ab')2 fragment can be split into two Fab' fragments by reduction reaction.
For certain applications, antibody fragments are used as the primary antibody in order to obtain the best results. In that case a secondary antibody is used that is specific to the primary antibody fragment. For example, in immunohistochemistry (IHC), background noise may be reduced if a Fab fragment of the primary antibody is used instead of the whole antibody molecule, because binding to endogenous Fc molecules in the sample does not occur with Fab-specific secondary antibodies.
Another situation occurs, when the secondary antibody itself is a fragment. For example, if working with tissues or cells that have Fc receptors (thymus, spleen, blood, hematopoietic cells, leukocytes, B cells, etc.) a F(ab')2 fragment secondary antibodies can be selected in order to avoid Fc receptor binding of the secondary antibody on the cells.
Immunoglobulin Isoforms
- Immunoglobulin G (IgG) secondary antibodies
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA) secondary antibodies
- Immunoglobulin E (IgE) secondary antibodies
- Immunoglobulin D (IgD) secondary antibodies
- Immunoglobulin M (IgM) secondary antibodies
- Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) secondary antibodies
Good Specificity and High Sensitivity
The criteria for selecting the right secondary antibody are extremely good specificity and high sensitivity. antibodies-online offers you more than 5000 secondary antibodies validated for the most varied applications, such as ELISA, flow cytometry, western blot, ICC, IHC and many more. Our product portfolio covers all common host organisms and reactivity types. But you’ll also find secondary antibodies from more rarely used hosts, such as apes, dogs, Syrian hamsters and others.
Choose from a multitude of conjugated secondary antibodies, for example products combined with TRITC, FITC, Cy, Dylight and Alexa dyes. Still can’t find the right product? Then contact our customer support team via chat, phone or e-mail.
