IL-32 alpha Protein (AA 2-131, N-Term)

Catalog No. ABIN2666762

Product Details

Target: IL-32 alpha (IL32A) (Interleukin 32 alpha (IL32A))

Protein Type: Recombinant

Biological Activity: Active

Protein Characteristics: AA 2-131, N-Term

Origin: Human

Source: Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Application: Flow Cytometry (FACS)

Purity: > 90 %, as determined by Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE.

Sterility: 0.22 μm filtered

Endotoxin Level:

Less than 0.01 ng per μg cytokine as determined by the LAL method.

Application Details

Application Notes: Optimal working dilution should be determined by the investigator.

Comment:

Biological activity: The ED50 is 2 - 8 μg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity 1.25 - 5 x 102 units/mg, as determined by a dose-dependent induction of human TNF-α in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells.

Restrictions: For Research Use only

Handling

Format: Liquid

Reconstitution: For maximum results, quick spin vial prior to opening. Stock solutions should be prepared at no less than 10 μg/mL in sterile buffer (PBS, HPBS, DPBS, and EBSS) containing carrier protein such as 1 % BSA or HSA. After dilution, the cytokine can be stored between 2 °C and 8 °C for one month or from -20 °C to -70 °C for up to 3 months.

Buffer: 0.22 μm filtered protein solution is in PBS, pH 7.4, with 10 mM DTT.

Preservative: Dithiothreitol (DTT)

Precaution of Use: This product contains Dithiothreitol (DTT): a POISONOUS AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE which should be handled by trained staff only.

Handling Advice: Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.

Storage: -20 °C

Storage Comment: Unopened vial can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for three months, at -20°C for six months, or at -70°C for one year.

Target Details

Target: IL-32 alpha (IL32A) (Interleukin 32 alpha (IL32A))

Alternative Name: IL-32 alpha (IL32A Products)

Synonyms: IL-32alpha Protein, IL-32beta Protein, IL-32delta Protein, IL-32gamma Protein, NK4 Protein, TAIF Protein, TAIFa Protein, TAIFb Protein, TAIFc Protein, TAIFd Protein, interleukin 32 Protein, IL32 Protein

Background: IL-32 is a proinflammatory cytokine with both extracellular and intracellular functions. IL-32 was originally identified as a natural killer transcript 4 (NK4). Several isoforms of IL-32 have been identified, and IL-32α is the most abundant. Overexpression of IL-32α in myeloid cell lines enhances natural killer cell-mediated killing, and IL-32 expression can be induced by IL-18 in NK cells. IL-32α can be released by some epithelial cell lines in response to INF-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β. IL-32 can induce production of various cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-6 through NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation. IL-32 works synergistically with IL-17 to induce osteoclast differentiation. Recombinant IL-32α can induce macrophage apoptosis in the presence of M. tuberculosis. Intracellular IL-32α increases IL-6 production by interacting with PKCε and STAT3, which not only increases STAT3 phosphorylation but also enhances STAT3 recruitment to the IL-6 promoter. IL-32 can synergize with NOD1 and NOD2 ligands to induce IL-1β and IL-6 through the caspase I-dependent pathway. IL-32 has been associated with pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. IL-32 is highly expressed in various cancers including gastric and pancreatic cancer. Studies have suggested that IL-32 can function as an angiogenic factor. In addition, IL-32α expression in liver cells is increased following progression of many liver diseases. Also, IL-32 is involved in the immune response to many viruses including HIV, influenza A, hepatitis B, and papillomavirus.

Molecular Weight: The 131 amino acid recombinant protein has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 14.9 kDa. The DTT-reduced and non-reduced protein migrates at approximately 20 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The predicted N-terminal amino acid is Methione.