DPP4 ELISA Kit

Catalog No. ABIN1380029

Product Details DPP4 ELISA Kit

Target: DPP4 (Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 (DPP4))

Reactivity: Human

Detection Method: Colorimetric

Method Type: Sandwich ELISA

Detection Range: 32-2000 pg/mL

Minimum Detection Limit: 32 pg/mL

Application: ELISA

Purpose: The OmniKine? Human DPPIV ELISA Kit contains the components necessary for quantitative determination of natural or recombinant Human DPPIV concentrations within any experimental sample including cell lysates, serum and plasma. This particular immunoassay utilizes the quantitative technique of a "Sandwich" Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) where the target protein (antigen) is bound in a "sandwich" format by the primary capture antibodies coated to each well-bottom and the secondary detection antibodies added subsequently by the investigator. The capture antibodies coated to the bottom of each well are specific for a particular epitope on Human DPPIV while the user-added detection antibodies bind to epitopes on the captured target protein. Amid each step of the procedure, a series of wash steps must be performed to ensure the elimination of non- specific binding between proteins to other proteins or to the solid phase. After incubation and "sandwiching" of the target antigen, a peroxidase enzyme is conjugated to the constant heavy chain of the secondary antibody (either covalently or via Avidin/Streptavidin-Biotin interactions), allowing for a colorimetric reaction to ensue upon substrate addition. When the substrate TMB (3, 3', 5, 5'-Tetramethylbenzidine) is added, the reaction catalyzed by peroxidase yields a blue color that is representative of the antigen concentration. Upon sufficient color development, the reaction can be terminated through addition of Stop Solution (2 N Sulfuric Acid) where the color of the solution will turn yellow. The absorbance of each well can then be read by a spectrophotometer, allowing for generation of a standard curve and subsequent determination of protein concentration.

Brand: OmniKine™

Sample Type: Cell Lysate, Serum, Plasma

Analytical Method: Quantitative

Specificity: The Human DPPIV ELISA Kit allows for the detection and quantification of endogenous levels of natural and/or recombinant Human DPPIV proteins.

Cross-Reactivity (Details): The Human DPP4 ELISA is capable of recognizing both recombinant and naturally produced Human DPP4 proteins. The antigens listed below were tested at 50 ng/mL and did not exhibit significant cross-reactivity or interference. Human: ACE, ACE-2, Cathepsin-A, ECE-1, ECE-2, FAP, Neprilysin Murine: DPPIV

Characteristics: The Human DPPIV ELISA Kit allows for the detection and quantification of endogenous levels of natural and/or recombinant Human DPPIV proteins within the range of 32-2000 pg/mL.

Components:

• Microstrips Coated w / Capture Antibody: 12 x 8-Well Microstrips
• Protein Standard: Lyophilized (100 ng), Red container
• Biotinylated Detection Antibody: Lyophilized, Yellow container
• 400x Streptavidin-HRP: 30 μL, Blue container
• Wash Buffer (10x): 50 mL, Clear containter
• Assay Diluent: 50 mL, Clear container
• Ready-to-Use Substrate: 12 mL, Brown container
• Stop Solution: 12 mL, Clear container
• Adhesive Plate Sealers: 4 Sheets
• Technical Manual 1 Manual

Material not included: The following materials and/or equipment are NOT provided in this kit but are necessary to successfully conduct the experiment:
Microplate reader able to measure absorbance at 450 nm (with correction wavelength set to 540 nm or 570 nm)
Micropipettes with capability of measuring volumes ranging from 1 μl to 1 mL
Deionized or sterile water
Squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, multichannel pipette reservoir or automated microplate washer
Graph paper or computer software capable of generating or displaying logarithmic functions
Absorbent paper or vacuum aspirator
Test tubes or microfuge tubes capable of storing ≥1 mL
Bench
top centrifuge (optional)
Bench
top vortex (optional)
Orbital shaker (optional)

Application Details

Plate: Pre-coated

Protocol: This particular immunoassay utilizes the quantitative technique of a Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) where the target protein (antigen) is bound in a sandwich format by the primary capture antibodies coated to each well-bottom and the secondary detection antibodies added subsequently by the investigator. The capture antibodies coated to the bottom of each well are specific for a particular epitope on the Human DPP4 cytokine while the user-added detection antibodies bind to epitopes on the captured target protein. Amid each step of the procedure, a series of wash steps must be performed to ensure the elimination of non-specific binding between proteins to other proteins or to the solid phase. After incubation and sandwiching of the target antigen, a peroxidase enzyme is conjugated to the constant heavy chain of the secondary antibody (either covalently or via Avidin/Streptavidin-Biotin interactions), allowing for a colorimetric reaction to ensue upon substrate addition. When the substrate TMB (3, 3’, 5, 5’- Tetramethylbenzidine) is added, the reaction catalyzed by peroxidase yields a blue color that is representative of the antigen concentration. Upon sufficient color development, the reaction can be terminated through addition of Stop Solution (2 N Sulfuric Acid) where the color of the solution will turn yellow. The absorbance of each well can then be read by a spectrophotometer, allowing for generation of a standard curve and subsequent determination of protein concentration.

Sample Preparation:

If samples are to be used within 24 hours, aliquot and store at 4 °C. If samples are to be used over a long period of time, aliquot and store between -20 °C and -80 °C, depending on the duration of storage.
Note: Samples containing a visible precipitate or pellet must be clarified prior to use in the assay.
Caution: Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles to prevent loss of biological activity of proteins in experimental samples.

• Cell Lysate and Supernatants:
  Remove large cell components via centrifugation and perform the assay. Cell lysates and supernatants require a dilution using Assay Diluent. A serial dilution may be performed to determine a suitable dilution factor for the sample. For future use of the sample, follow the sample storage guidelines stated above.
• Serum:
  Allow samples to clot in a serum separator tube (SST) for 30 minutes. After sufficient clotting, centrifuge at 1000 x g for 15 minutes and remove serum from SST in preparation for the assay. Serum samples require at least a 1:50 dilution using Assay Diluent. For future use of the sample, follow the storage guidelines above.
• Plasma:
  Use heparin, citrate or EDTA as an anticoagulant to gather plasma from original biological sample. After collection of the plasma, centrifuge for 15 minutes at 1000 x g. This step must be performed within 30 minutes of plasma collection. Plasma samples require at least a 1:50 dilution using Assay Diluent. Afterwards, perform the assay or for future use of the sample, follow the storage guidelines stated above.

Assay Procedure:

Note: If possible, all incubation steps should be performed on an orbital shaker to equilibrate solutions when added to the microplate wells. Also, all provided solutions should be at ambient temperature prior to use.
Note: Avoid adding solutions into wells at an angle, always keep pipette tip perpendicular to plate bottom.

Reconstitution of Provided Materials:

1. Reconstitute the Biotin-Conjugated Detection Antibody in 67 µL of ddH₂O for a concentration of 180 µg/ml.
2. Reconstitute the Protein Standard in 100 µL of ddH₂O for a concentration of 340 ng/ml.
3. Dilute the 50 mL of 10x Wash Buffer in 450 mL of ddH2O for 500 mL of 1x Wash Buffer.

Addition of Known Standard and Unknown Sample to Immunoassay:

The OmniKine™ Human CD163 ELISA Kit allows for the detection and quantification of endogenous levels of natural and/or recombinant Human CD163 proteins

Calculation of Results:

Generation of Standard Curve and Interpretation of Data
1. Average the duplicate or triplicate readings for each standard, control and sample and subtract the average zero standard optical density.
2. Generate a standard curve by using Microsoft Excel or other computer software capable of establishing a 4- Parameter Logistic (4-PL) curve fit. If using Excel or an alternative graphing tool, plot the average optical density values in absorbance units (y-axis) against the known standard concentrations in pg/ml (x-axis). Note: Only use the values in which a noticeable gradient can be established. Afterwards, generate a best fit curve or trend-line through the plotted points via regression analysis. Note: Shown on the next page is an example of typical data produced by analysis of the standard sample.

Restrictions: For Research Use only

Handling

Precaution of Use: Reagents provided in this kit may be harmful if ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Please carefully review the MSDS for each reagent before conducting the experiment.
Stop Solution contains 2 N Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) and is an extremely corrosive agent. Please wear proper eye, hand and face protection when handling this material. When the experiment is finished, be sure to rinse the plate with copious amounts of running water to dilute the Stop Solution prior to disposing the plate.

Handling Advice: This ELISA kit is intended for research purposes only, NOT diagnostic or clinical procedures of any kind.
Materials included in this kit should NOT be used past the expiration date on the kit label.
Reagents or substrates included in this kit should NOT be mixed or substituted with reagents or substrates from any other kits.
Variations in pipetting technique, washing technique, operator laboratory technique, kit age, incubation time or temperature may cause differences in binding affinity of the materials provided.
The assay is designed to eliminate interference and background by other cellular macromolecules or factors present within any biological samples. However, the possibility of background noise cannot be fully excluded until all factors have been tested using the assay kit.

Reagents provided in this kit may be harmful if ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Please carefully review the MSDS for each reagent before conducting the experiment.
Stop Solution contains 2 N Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) and is an extremely corrosive agent. Please wear proper eye, hand and face protection when handling this material. When the experiment is finished, be sure to rinse the plate with copious amounts of running water to dilute the Stop Solution prior to disposing the plate.

Storage: 4 °C

Storage Comment: Note: If used frequently, reagents may be stored at 4 °C.

• Unopened Kits: Store at 4 °C for 6 months.
• Microstrips Coated w/ Capture Antibody, 400x Streptavidin-HRP Wash Buffer (10x), Assay Diluent Ready-to-Use Substrate, Stop Solution: 6 Months at 4 °C
• Protein Standard, Biotinylated Detection Antibody: Lyophilized: 6 Months (if Reconstituted: 1 Month) at 4 °C

Target Details for DPP4

Target: DPP4 (Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 (DPP4))

Alternative Name: DPPIV (DPP4 Products)

Synonyms: ADABP ELISA Kit, ADCP2 ELISA Kit, CD26 ELISA Kit, DPPIV ELISA Kit, TP103 ELISA Kit, MGC81966 ELISA Kit, MOP9.8 ELISA Kit, MOP9_8 ELISA Kit, DPP4 ELISA Kit, si:ch73-2d23.3 ELISA Kit, Cd26 ELISA Kit, Dpp-4 ELISA Kit, THAM ELISA Kit, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 ELISA Kit, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 S homeolog ELISA Kit, prolyl oligopeptidase family protein ELISA Kit, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 ELISA Kit, dipeptidylpeptidase 4 ELISA Kit, DPP4 ELISA Kit, dpp4.S ELISA Kit, AT5G24260 ELISA Kit, dpp4 ELISA Kit, Dpp4 ELISA Kit

Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPPIV), also known as T-cell activation antigen CD26, is a 766 amino acid protein that belongs to the peptidase S9B family and DIPPIV subfamily. It is a cell surface glycoprotein receptor involved in the co-stimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Interaction with ADA also regulates lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion. In association with FAP, DPPIV is involved in the pericellular proteolysis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the migration and invasion of endothelial cells into the ECM. DPPIV may be involved in the promotion of lymphatic endothelial cells adhesion, migration and tube formation. Overexpression of DPPIV results in enhanced cell proliferation, a process inhibited by GPC3. It also serves as a serine exopeptidase, with a dipeptidyl peptidase activity that regulates various physiological processes by cleaving peptides in the circulation, including many chemokines, mitogenic growth factors, neuropeptides and peptide hormones. DPPIV is found as a monomer, homodimer, or heterodimer with Seprase (FAP). It requires homodimerization for optimal dipeptidyl peptidase activity and T- cell co-stimulation. DPPIV is found in a membrane raft complex, which is composed of BCL10, CARD11, DPP4 and IKBKB. Additionally, DPPIV associates with collagen. DPPIV is a single-pass type II membrane protein found on cell membranes as well as a single-pass type II membrane protein found on apical cell membranes. It is also found on cell projections, invadopodium membranes, lamellipodia membranes, as well as cell junction and membrane rafts. Furthermore, DPPIV co-localized with ADA at the cell junction in lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion as well as with IGF2R in internalized cytoplasmic vesicles adjacent to the cell surface. DPPIV is expressed specifically in lymphatic vessels but not in blood vessels in the skin, small intestine, esophagus, ovary, breast and prostate glands. It is not detected in lymphatic vessels in the lung, kidney, uterus, liver and stomach (at protein level). DPPIV is also expressed in the poorly differentiated crypt cells of the small intestine as well as in the mature villous cells but is expressed at very low levels in the colon. The extracellular cysteine-rich region is necessary for association with collagen, dimer formation and optimal dipeptidyl peptidase activity. Level of plasma concentrations of the soluble form (SDPP) can be managed as a colon carcinoma diagnostic and prognostic marker.

Pathways: Peptide Hormone Metabolism, Regulation of Leukocyte Mediated Immunity