ELISA: 0.5-2 µg/mL, Inhibition: 0.04-0.05 µg/mL, WB: 0.1-0.2 µg/mL Optimal conditions should be determined by the investigator.
Restrictions
For Research Use only
Format
Lyophilized
Reconstitution
Reconstitute in water to a concentration 0.1 - 1.0 mg/mL.
Concentration
Lot specific
Buffer
Lyophilized from PBS, pH 7.2.
Handling Advice
Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Dilute only prior to immediate use.
Storage
4 °C/-20 °C
Storage Comment
Store at -20 °C until reconstitution. Following reconstitution product may be stored at 4 °C in the short term. For long term storage aliquot and freeze at -20 °C.
McCullough, McMullen, Poulsen, Kim, Medof, Nagy: "Anaphylatoxin Receptors C3aR and C5aR1 Are Important Factors That Influence the Impact of Ethanol on the Adipose Secretome." in: Frontiers in immunology, Vol. 9, pp. 2133, (2019) (PubMed).
McCullough, McMullen, Das, Roychowdhury, Strainic, Medof, Nagy: "Differential contribution of complement receptor C5aR in myeloid and non-myeloid cells in chronic ethanol-induced liver injury in mice." in: Molecular immunology, Vol. 75, pp. 122-32, (2017) (PubMed).
Zhuge, Cederbaum: "Inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition by cyclosporin A prevents pyrazole plus lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice." in: Free radical biology & medicine, Vol. 46, Issue 3, pp. 406-13, (2009) (PubMed).
TNF-alpha is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by various cells including adipocytes, activated monocytes, macrophages, B cells, T cells and fibroblasts. It belongs to the TNF family of ligands and signals through two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNF-alpha is cytotoxic to a wide variety of tumor cells and is an essential factor in mediating the immune response against bacterial infections. TNF-alpha also plays a role in the induction of septic shock, auto immune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, and diabetes.