For Western blotting, dilutions to be used depend on detection system applied. It is recommended that users test the reagent and determine their own optimal dilutions. The typical starting working dilution is 1:50. 1
Restrictions
For Research Use only
Buffer
1 mL(> 200 μg/mL) culture medium with a low endotoxin level containing 0.02 % sodium azide.
Preservative
Sodium azide
Precaution of Use
This product contains Sodium azide: a POISONOUS AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE which should be handled by trained staff only.
Storage
4 °C
Storage Comment
Product should be stored at 4 °C. Under recommended storage conditions, product is stable for at least one year. The exact expiry date is indicated on the label.
Hirose, Murosaki, Fujiki, Yamamoto, Yoshikai, Yamashita: "Lipoteichoic acids on Lactobacillus plantarum cell surfaces correlate with induction of interleukin-12p40 production." in: Microbiology and immunology, Vol. 54, Issue 3, pp. 143-51, (2010) (PubMed).
Jimenez-Dalmaroni, Xiao, Corper, Verdino, Ainge, Larsen, Painter, Rudd, Dwek, Hoebe, Beutler, Wilson: "Soluble CD36 ectodomain binds negatively charged diacylglycerol ligands and acts as a co-receptor for TLR2." in: PLoS ONE, Vol. 4, Issue 10, pp. e7411, (2009) (PubMed).
Yajima, Takahashi, Shimazu, Urano-Tashiro, Uchikawa, Karibe, Konishi: "Contribution of phosphoglucosamine mutase to the resistance of Streptococcus gordonii DL1 to polymorphonuclear leukocyte killing." in: FEMS microbiology letters, Vol. 297, Issue 2, pp. 196-202, (2009) (PubMed).
Hashimoto, Tabuchi, Sakurai, Kutsuna, Kurokawa, Awasaki, Sekimizu, Nakanishi, Shiratsuchi: "Identification of lipoteichoic acid as a ligand for draper in the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by Drosophila hemocytes." in: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), Vol. 183, Issue 11, pp. 7451-60, (2009) (PubMed).
Gründling, Schneewind: "Synthesis of glycerol phosphate lipoteichoic acid in Staphylococcus aureus." in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 104, Issue 20, pp. 8478-83, (2007) (PubMed).
Triantafilou, Manukyan, Mackie, Morath, Hartung, Heine, Triantafilou: "Lipoteichoic acid and toll-like receptor 2 internalization and targeting to the Golgi are lipid raft-dependent." in: The Journal of biological chemistry, Vol. 279, Issue 39, pp. 40882-9, (2004) (PubMed).
Hogg, Whiley, De Soet: "Occurrence of lipoteichoic acid in oral streptococci." in: International journal of systematic bacteriology, Vol. 47, Issue 1, pp. 62-6, (1997) (PubMed).
The monoclonal antibody 55 recognizes lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LTA, a glycerol phosphate surface polymer, is a component of the envelope of Gram-positive bacteria. LTA is anchored via its glycolipids to the membrane and carries a polysaccharide chain extending into the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall. LTA is released spontaneously into the culture medium during growth of gram-positive bacteria. LTA functions as an immune activator with characteristics very similar to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. LTA binds to CD14 and triggers activation predominantly via Toll-like receptor 2. Although LTA is internalized and traffics to the Golgi, the cellular activation in response to LTA occurs at the cell surface. 1 Immunogen Microbial mixture of Streptococcus sobrims HG961, HG962, HG970, and HG977