Western Blotting (WB), Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin-embedded Sections) (IHC (p))
Purification
This antibody is prepared by Saturated Ammonium Sulfate (SAS) precipitation followed by dialysis against PBS.
Immunogen
This ATG4D antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic peptide between 441-470 amino acids from the C-terminal region of human ATG4D.
Purified polyclonal antibody supplied in PBS with 0.09 % (W/V) sodium azide.
Preservative
Sodium azide
Precaution of Use
This product contains Sodium azide: a POISONOUS AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE which should be handled by trained staff only.
Storage
4 °C,-20 °C
Expiry Date
6 months
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Melvin: "Make Milwaukee safe for babies: the Child Welfare Commission and the development of urban health centers, 1911-1912." in: Journal of the West, Vol. 17, Issue 2, pp. 83-93, (1980) (PubMed).
Pontén, Westermark: "Properties of human malignant glioma cells in vitro." in: Medical biology, Vol. 56, Issue 4, pp. 184-93, (1978) (PubMed).
Westermark, Pontén, Hugosson: "Determinants for the establishment of permanent tissue culture lines from human gliomas." in: Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology, Vol. 81, Issue 6, pp. 791-805, (1974) (PubMed).
Target
ATG4D
(Autophagy related 4D Cysteine Peptidase (ATG4D))
Macroautophagy is the major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane bound autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane bound structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane bound autophagic bodies which are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). APG4 is a cysteine protease required for autophagy, which cleaves the C-terminal part of either MAP1LC3, GABARAPL2 or GABARAP, allowing the liberation of form I. A subpopulation of form I is subsequently converted to a smaller form (form II). Form II, with a revealed C-terminal glycine, is considered to be the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-conjugated form, and has the capacity for the binding to autophagosomes.