Flow Cytometry: 1/50. ELISA and Immunofluorescence: Direct FA staining of target antigens in a permissive tissueculture system. A starting range of 1/10-1/50 is suggested. Acetone fixation of the antigen source is recommended prior to staining. Other applications not tested. Optimal dilutions are dependent on conditions and should be determined by the user.
Vaccinia virus is an Orthopoxvirus, containing double stranded DNA. Fusion protein plays an important role in the entry of enveloped virus into cells. As Vaccinia virus has a wide host range, it is conceivable that certain cellular components that are ubiquitously expressed on the cell mediate virus infection. The study of the entry process, attachment, fusion and the proteins and receptors involved is complex. During Vaccinia virus infection, the fusion process is attributed to the action of the 14KDa protein (A27L). The N terminus of this protein recognises heparan sulfate on the cell surface. It interacts with the negative charges of sulfates of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Therefore, antibodies that recognize this 14KDa protein are able to neutralize Vaccinia virus infection and enable identification other viral and cellular proteins which participate in the Vaccinia virus entry process.