Western Blotting (WB), ELISA, Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunoprecipitation (IP)
Characteristics
Concentration Definition: by UV absorbance at 280 nm
Immunogen
This affinity purified antibody was prepared from whole rabbit serum produced by repeated immunizations with a synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 1125-1139 of 1309 of yeast Rad9 protein conjugated to KLH.
RAD9A
Reactivity: Human, Mouse
WB, IP
Host: Mouse
Monoclonal
unconjugated
Application Notes
This pan reactive polyclonal antibody was tested by immunoblotting and ELISA. Data from both immunoblotting and ELISA indicate the antibody is pan reactive with both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of the peptide and protein. Immunoblotting detects yeast Rad9 protein. No reactivity is expected against human and mouse homologs. Reactivity to Rad9 from others sources is unknown. Although not tested, this antibody is likely functional by immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitation.This product has been assayed against 0.1 µg of immunizing peptide (S1129) in a standard capture ELISA using TMB (3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenizidine) as a substrate for 30 minutes at room temperature. A working dilution of 1:5,000 is suggested for this product. Reactivity was detected against both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated form (S1129 and pS1129) of the immunizing peptide. This antibody appears to be pan reactive for both forms of the protein. Dilute the antibody 1:100 to 1:500 for immunoblotting. Researchers should determine optimal titers for other applications.
Restrictions
For Research Use only
Format
Liquid
Concentration
0.74 mg/mL
Buffer
0.02 M Potassium Phosphate, 0.15 M Sodium Chloride, pH 7.2
Preservative
Sodium azide
Precaution of Use
This product contains sodium azide: a POISONOUS AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE which should be handled by trained staff only.
Rad9 is required for the MEC1/TEL1-dependent activation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA damage checkpoint pathways mediated by Rad53 and Chk1. DNA damage induces Rad9 phosphorylation, and Rad53 specifically associates with phosphorylated Rad9. Cells have evolved multiple strategies for tolerating genomic damage. The most important of these are numerous repair systems that remove or bypass potentially mutagenic DNA lesions. Another cellular strategy is to delay cell-cycle transitions at multiple points. The genetic control of these delays, termed `checkpoints', was first established in budding yeast where it was shown that the RAD9 gene functions in G2/M arrest after irradiation with X-rays. Subsequently, it has become clear that Rad9 also functions at the G1/S, intra-S and mid-anaphase checkpoints. Defects in checkpoint regulation can lead to genome instability and, in higher eukaryotes, neoplastic transformation. Rad9 also controls the transcriptional induction of a DNA damage regulon (DDR). Rad9 may also have a pro-apoptotic function. This is suggested in that Rad9 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (SpRad9) contains a group of amino acids with similarity to the Bcl-2 homology 3 death domain, which is required for SpRad9 interaction with human Bcl-2 and apoptosis induction in human cells. Overexpression of Bcl-2 in S. pombe inhibits cell growth independently of rad9, but enhances resistance of rad9-null cells to methyl methanesulfonate, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation. Rad9 conveys the checkpoint signal by activating Rad53p and Chk1p; is hyperphosphorylated by Mec1p and Tel1p; and is a potential Cdc28p substrate. Mature yeast Rad9 is reported to have an apparent molecular weight of ~148kDa. The human homolog is reported at 48.5 kDa. Synonyms: Cell cycle checkpoint control protein antibody, Cell cycle checkpoint control protein RAD9A antibody, DNA repair exonuclease rad9 homolog A antibody