Western Bloting: 1/500 - 1/2000. ELISA: Propose dilution 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications. Determining optimal working dilutions by titration test.
Restrictions
For Research Use only
Buffer
PBS
Preservative
Sodium azide
Precaution of Use
This product contains sodium azide: a POISONOUS AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE which should be handled by trained staff only.
Storage
4 °C
Reynolds, Ignatowski, Gallant, Spengler: "Amitriptyline administration transforms tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulation of norepinephrine release in the brain." in: Brain research, Vol. 1023, Issue 1, pp. 112-20, (2004) (PubMed).
Dulak, Tomala, Loboda, Józkowicz: "Nitric oxide-dependent synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor is impaired by high glucose." in: Life sciences, Vol. 75, Issue 21, pp. 2573-86, (2004) (PubMed).
TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) is an important cytokine produced by numerous cell types including neutrophils, activated lymphocytes, macrophages and NK cells. It plays a critical role in inflammatory responses and in apoptosis. TNF-alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF-alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non covalently linked units, but shows a single 17 kDa band following SDS PAGE under non reducing conditions. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF-alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF-alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production. TNFalpha is currently being evaluated in treatment of certain cancers and AIDS Related Complex. Synonyms: DIF, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNF-alpha